Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA)
1. Cow’s Milk Proteins - Main allergenic proteins found in cow’s milk.
2. Casein - Major protein fraction of cow’s milk.
3. Whey Protein Isolate - Whey protein fraction of cow’s milk.
4. Cow’s Milk - Cow’s milk as a complete food matrix.
5. Food Allergens - Common food-related allergic triggers.
6. Environmental Allergens - Common environmental allergic triggers.
7. Pollen- Airborne allergens associated with seasonal reactions.
8. Allergic Reaction - Biological response to allergen exposure.
9. Food Allergy - Immune-mediated reactions to food proteins.
10. Allergy - General mechanisms of allergic hypersensitivity.
11. Immune System - Overall immune defence and regulation.
12. B Lymphocytes - Immune cells responsible for antibody production.
13. T Lymphocytes - Immune cells involved in adaptive immune regulation.
14. Th2 / T Helper Cells - T-cell pathway associated with allergic responses.
15. IgE - Main antibody involved in immediate allergic reactions.
16. IL-4 - Key cytokine promoting Th2 and IgE responses.
17. IL-5 - Cytokine involved in eosinophil activation and survival.
18. IL-13 - Cytokine involved in allergic and mucosal responses.
19. Eosinophils - Immune cells involved in allergic inflammation.
20. DAO - Enzyme involved in histamine metabolism.
21. Mast Cells - Key cells responsible for allergic mediator release.
22. Basophils - Immune cells involved in IgE-mediated allergic responses.
23. Histamine - Major mediator of immediate allergic reactions.
24. Tryptase - Enzyme associated with mast-cell activation.
25. Leukotrienes - Inflammatory mediators involved in allergic responses.
26. Prostaglandins - Lipid mediators involved in inflammation and immune signalling.
27. Inflammatory Mediators - Key biochemical mediators of inflammation.
28. Cytokines - Signalling molecules regulating immune responses.
29. Acute Inflammation - Rapid inflammatory response.
30. Allergic Inflammation - Inflammation associated with allergic activation.
31. Intestinal Mucosa - Intestinal immune and protective surface.
32. Small Intestine - Major site of food antigen interaction and absorption.
33. Colon - Large intestine and its microbial environment.
34. Mucosal Immunity - Immune defence and regulation across mucosal surfaces.
35. Leaky Gut / Intestinal Permeability - Intestinal barrier integrity and permeability.
36. Gut Microbiota - Intestinal microbial ecosystem.
37. Dysbiosis - Imbalance within the intestinal microbiota.
38. Secretory IgA - Key antibody involved in mucosal immune defence.
39. Lymphatic System - Immune surveillance and tissue drainage.
40. Gut–Immune Axis - Communication between the gut and immune system.
41. Immune Tolerance - Controlled immune acceptance of harmless antigens.
42. Immune Regulation - Mechanisms balancing immune activation and control.
43. IL-10 - Key cytokine involved in immune regulation.
44. Anti-inflammatory Response - Mechanisms controlling inflammatory activity.
45. Immune Homeostasis - Balanced immune activation and regulation.
46. Vagus Nerve - Vagal regulation of gut and immune functions.
47. Autonomic Nervous System - Regulation of involuntary physiological and stress responses.
48. Limbic System - Connection between emotion, memory and autonomic responses.
49. Stress Response - Physiological response to biological or perceived stress.
50. Homeostasis - Maintenance of overall physiological balance.